Journal: The Journal of investigative dermatology

Article Title: IsaB inhibits autophagic flux to promote host transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) The right ears of mice were injected intradermally with MRSA(0) or MRSA(1) (1 × 10 7 CFU). Ear thickness was measured and calculated as a percentage, compared to the PBS-injected control, on days 1, 2, and 5 after MRSA injection. Representative images of skin inflammation are shown. Bar = 1 cm. (b) MIP-2 production in mice infected with MRSA(1) was measured by ELISA and normalized to that in mice infected with MRSA(0). (c) The infected ears on day 5 were homogenized for counting MRSA colonies. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n=8). (d) The samples in (c) were subjected to immunoblotting. An arrow indicates IsaB protein, which has a molecular weight of 20 kDa.

Article Snippet: Clinical MRSA isolates expressing high levels of IsaB also display reduced autophagic flux, increased survival, and elevated inflammatory cytokine production, in line with previous findings showing that autophagic flux is beneficial for host degradation of MRSA ( Amano et al. , 2006 ; Mauthe et al. , 2012 ).

Techniques: Injection, Control, Infection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Molecular Weight

Journal: The Journal of investigative dermatology

Article Title: IsaB inhibits autophagic flux to promote host transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Clinical MRSA isolates were lysed to examine IsaB protein levels by immunoblotting. (b) Human macrophage-like THP-1 cells were infected with clinical MRSA isolates (MOI of 10) for 6 h in the presence (+) or absence (-) of 20 μM CQ for 2 h prior to harvesting. Cells were then lysed to examine SQSTM1, MAP1LC3-II protein levels by immunoblotting. Because the clinical MRSA isolate C1 shows the lowest IsaB expression of the 5 tested clinical MRSA isolates, the protein levels of (c) SQSTM1 and (d) MAP1LC3-II in the infected cells were quantified using the C1-infected cells as a control. (e) Colony formation, (f) secretion of TNF-α and (g) the mRNA levels of Tnf-α and Il-8 in infected THP-1 cells were determined by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Clinical MRSA isolates expressing high levels of IsaB also display reduced autophagic flux, increased survival, and elevated inflammatory cytokine production, in line with previous findings showing that autophagic flux is beneficial for host degradation of MRSA ( Amano et al. , 2006 ; Mauthe et al. , 2012 ).

Techniques: Western Blot, Infection, Expressing, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: The Journal of investigative dermatology

Article Title: IsaB inhibits autophagic flux to promote host transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) HeLa cells harboring GFP-MAP1LC3 were treated with recombinant IsaB for 6 h and fixed to determine the effect of IsaB on GFP-MAP1LC3-II puncta, using florescence microscopy. BafA1 (100 nM) is used as a control for autophagic flux inhibition. Bar = 10 μm. (b) MEF cells stably harboring GFP-MAP1LC3 were treated with recombinant IsaB for 6 h. Protein levels of GFP-MAP1LC3-II, GFP, and SQSTM1 in treated cells were determined by immunoblotting. Protein levels were normalized with ACTB and are shown as quantified in the right panel. (c) Mice were injected with the isaB deletion strain (1 × 10 7 CFU) and 50 μg recombinant MRSA IsaB (R-IsaB ± ΔisaB) or GFP (R-GFP ±V isaB). Lesion sizes were quantified on day 3 after injection using ImageJ software (n = 4). Bar = 0.5 cm. (d) Bacterial survival on day 3 after injection was quantified in agar plates. (e) Live GAS NZ131 (1 × 10 7 CFU) mixed with 50 μg recombinant IsaB (R-IsaB+GAS) or GFP (R-GFP+GAS) was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal skin of mice. Lesion sizes and (f) bacterial survival on day 3 after injection were quantified using ImageJ software. Representative images of dorsal skin lesion are shown. Bar = 0.5 cm. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Clinical MRSA isolates expressing high levels of IsaB also display reduced autophagic flux, increased survival, and elevated inflammatory cytokine production, in line with previous findings showing that autophagic flux is beneficial for host degradation of MRSA ( Amano et al. , 2006 ; Mauthe et al. , 2012 ).

Techniques: Recombinant, Microscopy, Control, Inhibition, Stable Transfection, Western Blot, Injection, Software

Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance

Article Title: Genetic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Gene Features of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemics in Guiyang, Southwest China

doi: 10.2147/IDR.S392434

Figure Lengend Snippet: Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance rates of MRSA clinical isolates linked to STs. Antibiotic and virulent genes were detected in less than 3% of isolates with a particular ST; the number of MRSA isolates is given.

Article Snippet: This study focused on the molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene profiles of 209 MRSA isolates in Guiyang, a multi-ethnic city in Southwest China, from 2019 to 2020.

Techniques:

Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance

Article Title: Genetic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Gene Features of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemics in Guiyang, Southwest China

doi: 10.2147/IDR.S392434

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance of 209 MRSA Isolate Strains

Article Snippet: This study focused on the molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene profiles of 209 MRSA isolates in Guiyang, a multi-ethnic city in Southwest China, from 2019 to 2020.

Techniques:

Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance

Article Title: Genetic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Gene Features of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemics in Guiyang, Southwest China

doi: 10.2147/IDR.S392434

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Frequencies of Virulence Genes of 209 MRSA Isolate Strains

Article Snippet: This study focused on the molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene profiles of 209 MRSA isolates in Guiyang, a multi-ethnic city in Southwest China, from 2019 to 2020.

Techniques: